Install libpq with Homebrew, apk, dnf, apt, Nix

Project links

• Homepage
• Repository
• Package manager page

Commands and aliases

• clusterdb
• createdb
• createuser
• dropdb
• dropuser
• ecpg
• initdb
• pg_amcheck
• pg_archivecleanup
• pg_basebackup
• pg_checksums
• pg_combinebackup
• pg_config
• pg_controldata
• pg_createsubscriber
• pg_ctl
• pg_dump
• pg_dumpall
• pg_isready
• pg_receivewal
• pg_recvlogical
• pg_resetwal
• pg_restore
• pg_rewind
• pg_test_fsync
• pg_test_timing
• pg_upgrade
• pg_verifybackup
• pg_waldump
• pg_walsummary
• pgbench
• psql

Project history

PostgreSQL descends from the Berkeley POSTGRES project, whose implementation began in 1986. The Postgres95 transition in 1994 replaced POSTQUEL with SQL and introduced `psql`; the PostgreSQL name arrived in 1996 to connect the POSTGRES heritage with SQL support.

The PostgreSQL manual notes that the `libpq` name came from PostQUEL. As PostgreSQL matured into a long-lived open source database, libpq became the canonical C API for client programs and a shared substrate for other language bindings and command-line clients.

Adoption history

libpq's adoption follows PostgreSQL's adoption: applications, drivers, migration tools, backup tools, and admin scripts need a PostgreSQL client layer even when the database server runs elsewhere. PostgreSQL's 2023 project announcement described the system as benefiting from more than 25 years of open source development and a global community of users, contributors, companies, and organizations.

Homebrew's `libpq` formula packages the client side as a keg-only formula. That matters on developer workstations because it avoids colliding with a full `postgresql` formula while still making `psql`, `pg_dump`, `pg_restore`, `pg_config`, and the C library available to builds and scripts.

How it is used

Typical package-manager use is installing libpq so native extensions, database drivers, and command-line workflows can compile or run against PostgreSQL. Developers use `pg_config` to find build flags, `psql` for interactive sessions, and the dump/restore utilities for movement between PostgreSQL instances.

Why package nerds care

libpq is package-nerd significant because it is a dependency edge disguised as a database client. Many packages need PostgreSQL client headers and link libraries, but users often do not want a local database server; a separate formula keeps that dependency smaller and less invasive.

It also exposes PostgreSQL's major-version reality to package managers: client utilities can speak across versions, but dump, restore, upgrade, and extension-building workflows often care about exact major lines. That is why versioned formulae such as `libpq@16` and `libpq@17` are useful beside the unversioned formula.

Timeline

• 1986: Implementation of the Berkeley POSTGRES project began at the University of California at Berkeley.
• 1994: Postgres95 added an SQL interpreter and `psql`, replacing POSTQUEL and the older monitor program.
• 1996: The project adopted the PostgreSQL name and reset version numbering to 6.0.
• 2023-09-14: PostgreSQL 16 was released, including libpq load-balancing support among its client-side changes.
• 2024-09-26: PostgreSQL 17 was released with new client and administration utilities including `pg_createsubscriber` and `pg_combinebackup`.

Related projects

• PostgreSQL server, `psql`, ECPG, PostgreSQL client utilities, language drivers that use libpq, and Homebrew's versioned `libpq@16` and `libpq@17` formulae are the closest related projects.

Sources

• https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/libpq
• https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/postgresql-16-released-2715/
• https://www.postgresql.org/about/press/presskit17/
• https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/history.html
• https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq.html
• https://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning/