macOS
Homebrewverified · 100%
brew install fragroutelocal Homebrew formula metadata
MacPortsverified · 94%
sudo port install fragrouteMacPorts ports tree · net/fragroute/Portfile · source: api.github.com
brew
Install fragroute with Homebrew, MacPorts
Intercepts, modifies and rewrites egress traffic for a specified host. Version 1.2 via Homebrew; verified 2026-06-22.
install
Additional install commands
overview
Package summary
Intercepts, modifies and rewrites egress traffic for a specified host
Project links
Commands and aliases
- fragroute
- fragtest
history
Project history and usage
fragroute is a classic network-security test tool by Dug Song for intercepting, modifying, and rewriting outbound traffic to a target host. Its purpose is to reproduce insertion, evasion, and denial-of-service techniques against intrusion-detection systems and TCP/IP stacks in a controlled test setting.
Project history
The official homepage describes fragroute as an implementation of most attacks from the January 1998 Secure Networks paper on eluding network intrusion detection. The bundled license covers 2001 and 2002, and the 1.2 source archive contains README and manpage files dated April 2002.
The project belongs to the same early-2000s packet-manipulation culture as libdnet and libpcap-based security tools. Its author page distributed source tarballs and plain-text manpages rather than a modern public source-control repository.
Adoption history
fragroute's official page documented builds on OpenBSD, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, and Windows 2000, with dependencies on libdnet, libpcap, libevent, and platform tunnel drivers. The bundled scripts include notes for attacks reported against Snort 1.8.3 in January 2002, anchoring the tool in IDS regression testing practice.
How it is used
The fragroute executable reads a ruleset and a target host, then applies directives such as delay, duplicate, drop, fragment, overlap, print, reorder, segment, source-route, TTL, and TOS changes to outbound packets. fragtest complements it by probing a remote host's IP fragment reassembly behavior.
Why package nerds care
For package-history purposes, fragroute is significant because it is a tarball-era security utility that remains packaged long after its original homepage workflow. It preserves a specific moment in IDS testing, before many tools moved to GitHub and before network evasion testing became a routine part of security lab distributions.
Timeline
- 1998: Secure Networks paper on insertion, evasion, and denial-of-service attacks provides the attack taxonomy fragroute implements.
- 2001: Copyright period begins for the fragroute source distribution.
- 2002: fragroute 1.2 source archive, README, manpage, and Snort test notes dated April 2002.
- 2002: Bundled notes document attacks against Snort 1.8.3 reported January 28, 2002.
Related projects
- Official dependencies and related tools named by the project include libdnet, libpcap, libevent, fragtest, Snort test scripts, CIPE-Win32, and TUN/TAP drivers. The manpage contrasts fragroute with fragrouter by noting that fragroute affects only local outbound traffic.
Sources
security posture
Risk level: green
narrow executable package without higher-risk signals.
Risk classifier
green risk · low confidence · appliance
Why
- narrow executable package without higher-risk signals
Signals
- metadata:no-higher-risk-signals
Install behavior
- No Homebrew post-install hook is recorded in formula metadata.
- Homebrew bottle metadata is available for 13 platform targets.
- Installs with 2 runtime dependencies.
Recommended review
Before unattended agent use, check whether the tool reads plaintext credentials, writes remote state, publishes artifacts, or shells out to plugins.
local files
Configuration and credential file locations
These source-backed paths show where this package keeps local settings or durable credentials. Automic Vault can use them as review targets for secret scanning, migration, and command approval.
Configuration files
Config paths the tool may read or write during local use.
- Unix
/usr/local/etc/fragroute.conf
executables
Installed executables
| Command | Kind | Exposure | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
fragroute | cli | global executable | |
fragtest | cli | global executable |
freshness
Version and freshness
These signals separate page generation age, package-manager activity, and upstream release comparison. Version lag is warned only when an evidence URL and comparable versions are present.
page generated2026-07-08
manager version1.2
manager updated2026-06-22
local dataok
upstreamnot checked
latest detectednot detected
https://www.monkey.org/~dugsong/fragroute/
- infoRelease/tag comparison is only available for GitHub repositories.https://www.monkey.org/~dugsong/fragroute/none confidence
install metadata
Package metadata
| Package key | brew:fragroute |
|---|---|
| Version | 1.2 |
| Package manager | Homebrew |
| Package manager page | https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/fragroute |
| Homepage | https://www.monkey.org/~dugsong/fragroute/ |
| Upstream docs | https://www.monkey.org/~dugsong/fragroute |
| License | BSD-3-Clause |
| Source archive | https://www.monkey.org/~dugsong/fragroute/fragroute-1.2.tar.gz |
| Last updated | 2026-06-22T14:03:22-07:00 |
| Pulse | updated |
| Dependencies | libdnet, libevent |
| Uses from macOS | libpcap |
| Bottle | available (on arm64_big_sur, arm64_linux, arm64_monterey, arm64_sequoia, arm64_sonoma, arm64_tahoe, arm64_ventura, big_sur, catalina, monterey, sonoma, ventura, x86_64_linux) |
| Homebrew post-install | not defined |
| Service | none declared |
registry facts
Source database details
| Source Database | Homebrew formula API |
|---|---|
| Tap | homebrew/core |
| Full Name | fragroute |
| Version Scheme | 0 |
| Revision | 2 |
| Bottle Stable Root URL | https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core |
| Deprecated | no |
| Disabled | no |
| Keg Only | no |
| URL Keys |
|
source database matches
Other package-manager records
Matches are pulled from external package-manager indexes and kept separate from local Automic Vault package links.
MacPorts95%
fragroute
sudo port install fragroute- normalized package name match
- Matched by: Fragroute
source trail
Generated from repository data
This page is generated by av-web from the private package SQLite artifact built by scripts/generate-pkg-sqlite.py.
Combined YAML source
View the package source record on GitHub.
Used sources
- Geiger risk classifier
- Nucleus package database
- av.db category and tag curation
- cross-ecosystem install command graph
- curated configuration and credential file locations
- curated package history
- external package-manager database matches
- package relationship graph
- package version freshness
- package-page enrichment